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API Std 613 covers the minimum requirements for special-purpose, enclosed, precision single- and double-helical one- and two-stage speed increasers and reducers of parallel-shaft design for petroleum, chemical and gas industry services. This standard is primarily intended for gear units that are in continuous service without installed spare equipment. This standard includes related lubricating systems, controls, instrumentation, and other auxiliary equipment. API Std 613 is not intended to apply to gear units in general-purpose service, which are covered by API Std 677; to gears integral with other equipment, such as integrally geared compressors covered by Std 617 or Std 672; or to gears other than helical. Product Details Edition: 5th Published: ANSI: ANSI Approved Number of Pages: 94 File Size: 2 files, 1.1 MB Product Code(s): C61305, C61305, C61305 Note: This product is unavailable in Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Syria Document History. Amendments & Errata. Browse related products from American Petroleum Institute.
The current proposal for the DSM-5 definition of social anxiety disorder (SAD) is to replace the DSM-IV generalized subtype specifier with one that specifies fears in performance situations only. Relevant evaluations to support this change in youth samples are sparse.The present study examined rates and correlates of the DSM-IV and proposed DSM-5 specifiers in a sample of treatment-seeking children and adolescents with SAD (N = 204).When applying DSM-IV subtypes, 64.2% of the sample was classified as having a generalized subtype of SAD, with the remaining 35.2% classifying as having a nongeneralized subtype SAD. Youth with generalized SAD, relative to those with nongeneralized SAD, were older, had more clinically severe SAD, showed greater depressive symptoms, and were more likely to have a comorbid depressive disorder.
No children in the current sample endorsed discrete fear in performance situations only in the absence of fear in other social situations.The present findings call into question the meaningfulness of the proposed changes in treatment-seeking youth with SAD. Results When applying DSM-IV subtypes, 64.2% of the sample was classified as having a generalized subtype of SAD, with the remaining 35.2% classifying as having a nongeneralized subtype SAD. Youth with generalized SAD, relative to those with nongeneralized SAD, were older, had more clinically severe SAD, showed greater depressive symptoms, and were more likely to have a comorbid depressive disorder. No children in the current sample endorsed discrete fear in performance situations only in the absence of fear in other social situations.
Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is one of the most common mental disorders affecting the general populationwith almost one in 10 individuals suffering from SAD at some point in their lifetime before even reaching young adulthood. Onset typically occurs in childhood or early adolescenceduring which time SAD diagnosis is associated with loneliness, dysphoria, poor social effectiveness, nicotine use, and increased peer victimization. – Left to its natural course, SAD is associated with chronicity, multiple functional impairments, increasing comorbidity, and reduced health-related quality of life. SAD criteria have shifted across the past few decades as research on SAD phenomenology has progressed.
The disorder was initially classified in DSM-III as a type of phobic reaction to a specific social situation akin to a specific phobia. With the advent of DSM-III-R and DSM-IV, diagnostic criteria for the disorder underwent significant changes. As it became clear that many individuals meeting criteria for social phobia experienced anxiety related to several varied social situations, the specifier “generalized” was introduced to the formal nosology to describe persons experiencing social fears in “most or all” situations. The label “social anxiety disorder” was introduced in DSM-IV to connote a more pervasive and interfering condition than implied by the label “social phobia” and the limited DSM-III diagnostic definition. Individuals endorsing only a circumscribed or limited number of social fears began to be classified as showing a “non-generalized” presentation of the disorder. Generalized and nongeneralized SAD subtypes have been distinguished in several studies of adults using varied methodologies, – and in clinical studies of youth. Broadly speaking, generalized SAD has consistently been linked with clinical severity of diagnosis, and the generalized subtype assignment has come to characterize individuals with more severe disorder presentations.
Despite documented distinctions in severity between generalized and nongeneralized SAD, the validity and clinical utility of the generalized and nongeneralized specifiers have been the subject of criticism. The DSM advises to assign a “generalized subtype” if a person fears “most or all” social situations. Given imprecision in the wording of the DSM, subtype definitions have been inconsistently applied across studies, making it difficult to meaningfully compare findings. Given dissatisfaction with the limitations of the “generalized” specifier, it has been suggested that basing subtypes on thematic fear content rather than on quantity of fears may provide a more meaningful distinction with which to base future research and treatment development.
As publication of the DSM-5 approaches, one key area for proposed SAD definition change concerns the removal of the “generalized” SAD specifier, and in its place including a “performance only” SAD specifier. This proposed specifier based on the thematic content of social fears would be utilized to identify those individuals whose “fear is restricted to speaking or performing in public.” Empirical work with adults has demonstrated that compared with other content areas, performance or public speaking fears most often occur in the absence of other social fears. Some research has supported the distinction between performance or public speaking fears from more widespread social fears among adults on a variety of measures, ranging from clinician-rated severity and temperamental vulnerability factors to psychophysiological reactivity during stressful tasks. Although empirical work has shown some support for the proposed specifier change in adult samples, relevant evaluations in youth are sparse and have not necessarily supported the proposed inclusion of a performance-only specifier for DSM-5 SAD. Recent epidemiological work in the U.S. Population using data from the National Co-morbidity Survey-Adolescent Supplement found only 0.8% of adolescents meeting criteria for SAD could be classified as having the performance-only SADcalling into question the relevance of the specifier with regard to youth. In contrast, 55.8% and 44.2% of SAD adolescents were classified as having generalized and nongeneralized presentations, respectively.
Epidemiological work with youth and young adults in Europe, by contrast, has shown some support for the utility of a performance-only SAD subtype. Specifically, Knappe and colleagues examined German youth and young adults ages 14–24 in the Early Developmental Stages of Psychopathology study and found roughly one third of those with SAD showed exclusively performance-based presentations. These performance-oriented SAD cases showed lower behavioral inhibition and clinical severity, although the inclusion of individuals up to the age of 24 limits the extent to which these findings can be interpreted as applying specifically to youth populations. Regardless, although findings from the National Co-morbidity Survey-Adolescent Supplement and the Early Developmental Stages of Psychopathology can inform our understanding of SAD presentation in the general population, such epidemiologic work does not speak to treatment-seeking youth.
Much remains to be learned about the nature and prevalence of isolated performance fears in the population of youth-seeking treatment for SAD. The present study evaluated patterns and correlates of the DSM-IV and proposed DSM-5 SAD specifiers in an outpatient treatment-seeking sample of children and adolescents. Specifically, to examine the clinical relevance of each subtype, we examined the percentage and clinical correlates of SAD youth showing generalized, nongeneralized, and performance-only presentations. PARTICIPANTS Participants included 204 consecutive treatment-seeking youth meeting diagnostic criteria for DSM-IV SAD and their parents, presenting for services at a university-affiliated center for the treatment of anxiety and related disorders in Boston, USA (2004–2012). Children (57.4% female) ranged in age from 6 to 19 years ( M age = 13.0, SD age = 3.4); 77.9% self-identified as non-Hispanic Caucasian.
Families ranged in resources: 19.6% were at or below 300% of the national poverty line for their year (e.g., in 2007 $63,609 for a family of 4; $75,240 for a family of 5) whereas 11.3% of households earned at least 600% of the national poverty line at their year of assessment (e.g., in 2007 $127,218 for a family of 4; $150,480 for a family of 5). Parents of the majority of children were married or cohabitating (80.4%); 16.7% of children’s parents were previously but no longer married, and 2.9% were never married. Regarding psychotropic medications, 23.5% of youth were taking antidepressant medication, 6.9% were taking stimulant or other ADHD medication, 6.4% were taking an antipsychotic medication, 5.4% were on taking a sedative or hypnotic medication, and 3.4% were taking a mood stabilizer. SAD youth met additional diagnostic criteria for comorbid DSM-IV generalized anxiety disorder (42.2%), separation anxiety disorder (15.7%), specific phobia (13.2%), major depressive disorder (11.3%), obsessive–compulsive disorder (9.3%), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (8.8%), panic disorder with or without agoraphobia (7.8%), dysthymic disorder (5.4%), depressive disorder NOS (4.4%), selective mutism (2.9%), oppositional defiant disorder (2.9%), or posttraumatic stress disorder (0.5%). The mean number of mental disorders among SAD youth was 2.3 ( SD = 1.2). Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for Children and Parents for DSM-IV (ADIS-C/P) The ADIS-C/P is a semistructured diagnostic interview that assesses child psychopathology in accordance with DSM-IV criteria, with particularly thorough coverage of the internalizing disorders.
The ADIS-C (child version) and the ADIS-P (parent version) collect data on children’s and parents’ reports of child anxiety, respectively. Child and parent diagnostic profiles are integrated into a composite diagnostic profile using the “or rule” at the diagnostic level, in which a diagnosis is included in the composite profile if either the parent(s) or child endorsed sufficient diagnostic criteria for that disorder. Diagnoses are assigned a clinical severity rating (CSR) ranging from 0 (no symptoms) to 8 (extremely severe symptoms), with CSRs of 4 or above used to characterize disorders that meet full diagnostic criteria and CSRs of 3 and below used to characterize subthreshold presentations. The ADIS-IV-C/P was also used to classify SAD youth into DSM-IV and proposed DSM-5 subtypes (see SAD Youth Subclassification, below). The ADIS-C/P has been the most widely used diagnostic interview in clinical research evaluating child anxiety, likely due to its strong reliability, validity, and sensitivity to change, and in research evaluating SAD specifically. In age ranges comparable to those of the present sample, the interview has demonstrated good reliability for parent ( κ range from 0.65 to 0.88) and child diagnostic profiles ( κ range from 0.63 to 0.88).
Diagnostic reliability was strong in the present sample ( κ for all anxiety disorders ≥ 0.70). Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI) The CDI is a widely used self-rating scale of depressive symptomatology in children. For each item, the child is asked to endorse one of three statements that best describes how he or she has typically felt over the past 2 weeks (e.g., “I am sad once in a while,” “I am sad many times,” or “I am sad all the time”). Each response is scored as either 0 (asymptomatic), 1 (somewhat symptomatic), or 2 (clinically symptomatic), contributing to an overall CDI score that can range from 0 to 54.
The scale has demonstrated excellent internal consistency in both clinical and nonclinical samples ( α 0.80), – and acceptable test–retest reliability identified in both clinical and nonclinical samples. , – Internal consistency was high in the present sample ( α 0.89). Research supports the use of the CDI as a continuous measure of depressive symptomatology in anxious youth. PROCEDURE Participants were recruited from a university-affiliated outpatient center for the treatment of emotional disorders in Boston, USA. Families completed an initial telephone screening as part of clinic procedures. Children were excluded with current psychotic symptoms, suicidal or homicidal risk requiring crisis intervention, two or more hospitalizations for severe psychopathology (e.g., psychosis) within the previous 5 years, or moderate to severe intellectual impairments.
Children on psychotropic medications were required to be stabilized at least 1 month on current dose prior to participation. Participating families were administered the ADIS-C/P and children completed the CDI as part of a prescreening battery for treatment. After obtaining informed consent, a diagnostician conducted separate child and parent interviews, and then integrated diagnostic profiles using the “or rule” to generate a composite diagnostic profile.
For each case, interview material was presented and reviewed at a weekly diagnostician staff meeting, during which time symptoms were reviewed and a team consensus on the diagnostic profile was obtained. Consistent with ADIS-C/P guidelines, diagnoses were generated in strict accordance with DSM-IV. Diagnosticians included a panel of 22 clinical psychologists, postdoctoral associates, and doctoral candidates specializing in the assessment and treatment of pediatric anxiety disorders. All diagnosticians met internal certification and reliability procedures, developed in collaboration with one of the ADIS-C/P authors: observing three complete interviews, collaboratively administering three interviews with a trained diagnostician, and conducting supervised interviews until achieving the reliability criterion (i.e., full diagnostic profile agreement on three of five consecutive supervised assessments).
Demographic information was obtained from parent report. As in previous researchhousehold income was used to compute a poverty index ratio (i.e., household income divided by U.S. Poverty threshold in the interview year), resulting in four index ratio categories. SAD Youth Subclassification Among SAD youth, children were further classified into subtypes: (1) those exhibiting DSM-IV generalized SAD; (2) those exhibiting DSM-IV nongeneralized SAD; and (3) those exhibiting DSM-5 performance-only SAD.
Generalized SAD was assigned by diagnosticians in accordance with DSM-IV—after consultation with the full diagnostic panel in a weekly staff meeting—to reflect cases in which the fears included most situations (e.g., initiating or maintaining conversations, participating in small groups, dating, speaking to authority figures, attending parties). Cases that were not assigned a generalized subtype were assigned a non-generalized subtype of SAD. Agreement in the classification of generalized versus nongeneralized SAD was very high among diagnosticians ( κ = 0.82). To identify individuals meeting criteria for the performance subtype of SAD, a panel of doctoral-level experts from two leading pediatric anxiety disorders clinics ( N = 7) examined each of the ADIS-C/P SAD items. Panelists were provided with the DSM-5 Development working definition for SAD performance-only subtype (i.e., “the fear is restricted to speaking or performing in public”) and independently rated whether they believed each of the 22 social situations assessed in the ADIS-C/P SAD module should be included as a “speaking/performance” symptom (see ). Social situations on which at least five of the seven panelists agreed characterized speaking or performing in public were carried forward to define youth with a performance subtype of SAD. This subtype was defined as SAD cases in which (1) at least one of these speaking/performance symptoms was endorsed with a fear rating of 4 or above (on the ADIS-C/P 0–8 fear scale), and (2) none of the remaining SAD symptoms assessed in the ADIS-C/P were endorsed with a fear rating of 4 or above.
EVALUATING THE DSM-IV GENERALIZED VERSUS NONGENERALIZED SAD SUBTYPING Almost twice as many SAD youth were classified as showing generalized ( N = 131, 64.2%) versus nongeneralized ( N = 73, 35.8%) subtype. Generalized and non-generalized SAD youth did not differ with regard to gender, race/ethnicity, psychotropic medication status, or number of clinical diagnoses (see ). Generalized SAD youth were significantly older than nongeneralized SAD youth, showed greater SAD clinical severity, and exhibited higher levels of depressive symptomatology. Linear regression using SAD subtype to predict these clinical variables found the association between SAD subtype and SAD clinical severity persisted after controlling for child age B = 0.62, SE( B) = 0.12, β = 0.31, t = 5.12, P.
EVALUATING THE PERFORMANCE-ONLY SPECIFIER PROPOSED FOR DSM-5 Evaluation of panelists’ ratings yielded seven speaking/performance items with which to define the performance subtype of SAD (see ). Almost every SAD case endorsed symptoms from this list ( N = 191, 93.6%). However, all of these cases also endorsed symptoms from the remaining list of 15 SAD symptoms that did not comprise the speaking/performance symptom set. Accordingly, no SAD cases in the present sample (0%) were classified as meeting the criteria for the performance subtype of SAD.
CONCLUSION Although it has been argued that adoption of a performance-only specifier in DSM-5 is empirically supported by work with adults, the current clinic-based investigation is consistent with general population research in failing to support the proposed SAD specifier change for children and adolescents. Potential explanations for these findings include a potential later age of onset of the performance subtype and the developmental relevance of performance-based fears, differences in treatment-seeking behaviors across subtypes, and imprecision in the definition of the new subtype. Future research is needed to elucidate the contributions of each of these factors. Prudence would suggest SAD definition changes should be restricted to only the very minimum number of revisions necessary to offer clear improvements over existing criteria sets.
The present analysis suggests that with regard to treatment-seeking children and adolescents, the proposed SAD specifier change does not offer a clear improvement.
I abandoned using the 1' hose, fittings are too big and won't work at the oil pan the way I'm doing it. They might work if I had a bung welded on, but I don't. 12an is the minimum spec for an hx35 i think, the equivalent of 19mm inside diameter.
I'm not sure if its the same for an HX40 or not? Remember that I drilled and tapped the oem oil drain hole, its just an experiment I'm doing.
For a totally good way to do it my way, i'd have the fitting TIG welded inside the pan once I thread it in there. But welding may not be necessary for a leak-free setup. Damn, you chopped that whole thing off! I find it funny how similar we are in our builds/styles. Well, the fittings came, and it just seems that with my setup, the 90 at the bottom, while not optimal, is what I'll be using. Here's a pic of a 45 off the turbo with a 90 on the oil pan: Even if barbs are cut off, it'll still be too long, so I went full retard and cut the fittings where the tube part meets the barb structure: I did a test-final fitment using the hose finishers I had previously ordered: After further playing around, these 'hose finishers' should not be used to clamp the hoses down, they're just crappy clamps, and heavier duty one's won't fit inside the finisher housings and allow the hose to also be pushed in there.
So I cut the braided to length, got heavy duty hose clamps, and cut into my motor mount bracket some more. Here's what I think I'll call my finished product: It really fits nicely, and its tight. So next up, I'll drill/tap the new oil pan I have, get my black and super grey rtv's, and finalize this portion of the build. With this done, I can move to timing belt and prepare to drop the motor back in the car. Tmoney20g updated Updated some mods that were TBD and I recently purchased, etc.
Also got back to work on the oil drain today. I was satisfied with yesterday's outcome, so today I drilled/tapped the new Spectre pan: (Exterior) (Interior) Cleaned up all the overspray that the oil pan comes with: You don't want that paint gumming up and ruining your brand new engine/oil pump! Applied the 4mm bead of super grey: And install: I have an idea to prime the motor of oil before putting the timing belt on. If you ever had nitro powered r/c planes, you might have had a starter for them. Its essentially a hand-held 12v motor with a little rubber cup on the end. You'd fire it up and push the cup to the prop of the plane to start it, instead of cutting up your fingers manually flipping the rotor around to start the engine.
So next weekend I might try this out to prime the internals with really cheap oil, then drain it. See if any debris can get flushed out of the oil galleys and whatnot. 01/10/15: Its frikkin freezin mr bigglesworth! Still decided to do some hardware work on the engine.
The 10-pack of stainless m8x1.25x100 studs came, so I test fitted them and found a nice length around 67mm to cut them to: Also replaced the water outlet and cas studs so they all match. Remember that one of the cas studs, closest to the intake manifold, is longer to allow the engine hoist bracket between the head and throttle body, but I won't have that. Alien skin blow up 3 serial number. And for some reason, even tho this is a brand new oem head, 2 of the water outlet studs had screwed up threads, so rather than mess with them, they're all replaced, and loctited. On both sides of the heat spacer is a felpro hi-perf intake manifold gasket: Add the manifold itself(top): Manifold again (bottom): I threw on the Wilson TB, 2 m10x1.25x60mm stainless bolts (need another one for the manifold, NAPA only had 2). Also put my new hi-z FIC 1100s on my new Magnus fuel rail, installed that and the -6an end fittings, taped them all off, along with any other openings, and called it a day: Oh yea, oh installed (4) 1/8npt plugs in the water outlet, and 2 of the senders, still need the top a/c cutoff switch and the rear water outlet hose connection, and i have to find where i put the new t-stat and 2 new bolts to put the tstat housing together all the way.
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JNZ has some stuff on order for me, so I'll just add those things to that order. 1/17/15: Josh sent me some goodies, new black lower timing cover (we have the only black top timing cover shown in the system on order, hopefully that gets found and sent to me.fingers crossed.), timing cover bolt kit, water joint (for the t-stat housing to heater core), a/c stop switch (upper t-stat housing sensor), a 5 pack of female NMWP connectors, and the female maf connector, just in case I really botch the one up I have here. So I finished up the t-stat housing and bolted her together: And continued on my oil feed setup. First I installed the new gvr4 alternator I picked up last summer, then installed my purolator filter that i'll be using for break in, and test fitted the oil feed adapter again: Then I grabbed the upper motor mount to be sure it would fit with the distribution block mounted: After all is said and done, I'm very happy with the outcome. Justin shipped me a 90 for the oil feed inlet at the turbo, which kinda bends that line out in front a little too much, so if I can find that same fitting in a 45, I think I'm golden.
Then I'm ready to prime the oil system, and do the t-belt! Here's the indoor fun I'm having: I have to clean up the harness at the ecu connectors because Jim had the afc hardwired, so I'm removing those leads and straightening out the wires there. Also removing sensors I'll no longer need/be using, all the way back to the ecu harness, by unclipping the pins and removing the entire length of the circuit. These include: 1. Power steering oil pressure switch (#5 on C66) 2. Idle Switch (#14 on C66) 3. EGR temp sensor (CA Only) (#15 on C66, which mine did have) 4.
EGR Control Solenoid Valve (CA) (#53 on C65, which mine did have) 5. Fuel Pressure Control Valve (#57 on C65) 6. Purge Control Solenoid Valve (#62 on C65) 7. Wastegate Solenoid (#105 on C64) I'll also be shortening the maf wires, back to the firewall area, since I'll have the SD setup which will be pretty much at the firewall, so that's like 2' of wire removed, and that's 6 or so wires. Should clean up the bay nicely. 1/20/15: On this edition of Fun with Wires, we make the ford TPS usable with the oem engine harness!
Since I have the Wilson 75mm throttle body mounted to my FRH manifold, it needs a ford tps. I took the old tps off my 1g throttle body, and carefully cut away plastic until I saw the 3 metal tabs to which the wires used to go to. Then I soldered the wires from the ford tps to it: Seemed to be pretty strong, so I buttoned her up with some electrical tape for a finished product: Then I took a look at my Speed-Density connector, it only uses 4 leads, whereas the stock MAF required 7 leads to operate. The photo shows the male end of the SD connector on the right, and corresponding rear of the 1g MAF connector: So it looks like it needs all 3 on the top row, #4 was already not a lead. And instead of all 4 on the bottom row, it only needs the bottom left. So I went ahead and also removed those wires from the harness, or safed-off any leads that were interconnected to other things, like the fat red power wire. Here's the ecu connector diagram I've been going off of: All the leads with a Red X next to them have been removed from the harness.
I put them all aside and labelled them, just in case: Now I'm shortening the remaining MAF leads about a foot, and I'll solder up the female connector to the wires. Also ordered the SCG-1 today, so I'm close to finishing my wiring project.
Also have to go grab my new alarm system and see what it requires, if anything from the ECU, for remote start, etc. What oil drainage thing?
The turbo oil drain? Turbo's aren't pressurized inside the CHRA. Cycle se aaya selem mp3 song download. As soon as the oil leaves the fitting there's 0 psi, it gravity drains.
Picture your garden hose, for instance, with no spray nozzle, just the hose. Turn the hose on, water comes out the end. There's pressure INSIDE the hose, even 1mm inside the hose, but not at the outlet. As soon as the water hits free air, there's no more pressure. So to the oil feed, there's oil pressure allllll the way up to the turbo oil inlet. As soon as the oil leaves that inlet fitting, zero pressure.
Now there could be an instance when your drain is too small, or you're flowing soooo much oil into the CHRA that it fills up, and the CHRA itself becomes one with the turbo oil inlet, at that point it'd be like holding your thumb over the garden hose, and pressure would increase inside the CHRA, which is how an oil seal can blow. 1/24/15: Some of the parts for my COP came in.
The coils and the jayracing plate. Still waiting on the leads, which did ship, but haven't arrived yet. First you have to cut the bolts off that the coils come with: Used my dremel with a cut-off wheel and gently got them off. Ran over to NAPA for some hardware, since it requires fasteners for the coil to plate, and the plate to valve cover.
You also have to trim the boots and springs. Without any trimming, here's how mine sat: Its about 20mm up, so I cut roughly 20mm of boot and spring. I wanted to have a little bump when you take it off, enough pressure that you can get a finger under the plate in order to remove it if you have to, you know, to swap plugs or whatever. So here's the finished look: Hopefully everything's making good contact in there. Then decided to add the 4 qts of RotellaT 30w oil and a 1/2 qt of lucas.
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To watch the full episode of 'Uttaran' anytime, Download the Voot app now or Visit Uttaran is a story of two friends hailing from drastically different backgrounds. Veer, whose marriage proposal was initially rejected by Tapasya, falls in love Ichcha, and that is something Tapasya just can't bear. While society cannot separate the two, love, does just that. The series takes an interesting turn when a spiteful Tapasya marries Veer and the once best friends are locked in a love triangle, with the helpless Veer stuck in the middle.
Tapasya is the spoilt daughter of a wealthy man, while Ichcha, her best friend is the maid's daughter.
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